In 1881 Thomas Edison (1847-1931) it created an apparatus able to transform the acoustic energy into mechanics: the fonógrafo.Los sounds were recorded in a wax cylinder; in order to listen to them, a needle, together with a headset of considerable diameter, it had to cross the furrows to be able to gather the very small vibrations written there. The sound was bad and each recording could be touched only once.
To the 25 years, the Berliner young person (1851-1921) invented a coal microphone for the telephone and immediately Bell sold the rights to the Telephone company, who thus could commercialize the device massively. With the 50.000 dollars that received, he began to work in a recording method that surpassed to the cylinders of Edison and Bell. In 1887, Emile Berliner, invented a system of recording that could time and time again be used, in addition to which many copies could become of the original recording, to low cost.
It changed the cylinder by a flat disc, first of glass, after zinc and later of plastic. The sounds were recorded in grooves waved and "read" by a needle, that the pattern of vibrations to a diaphragm transmitted, which reproduced then the original sounds. Berliner patented its invention, gramófono.
Another inventor, Elridge Johnson, patented a motor of means for gramófono, which caused that it turned at a fixed speed, with which finished the necessity to give him returned to a crank. Berliner founded its own company to produce its sonorous discs massively, as well as gramófono to touch them, establishing branch in Great Britain and Germany, with the objective to also cover the European market. In order to promote his sales, it was happened to him to convince several popular artists so that they recorded his music using his system. One of first in signing contract with the company of Berliner was the Italian Enrico Caruso.
The recordings were made in the study of the company in Camden, New Jersey. Enrico Caruso sang towards the interior of a horn connected to the recording machine. The operating one was Mr. Child, who worked in the machine behind a screen and he signaled to him through a small window. Nobody was authorized to happen behind the screen, since there they were the secrets of the company of Berliner.
The musicians who accompanied Enrico seated in banks of different heights, to the bottom of the room. Their relative positions allowed to control the volume of the sound, since they did not exist amplifying in those days.
The singer began to sing with the orchestra. When finishing, he said to them to the musicians what changes wanted and sang again. When he was ready, he signaled to him to the operator and returned to interpret the song, that was recorded in a wax disc. Caruso and Child listened to the recording a single time, because the wax disc was destroyed when touching it and they discussed it. If it seemed to them that it had not been well, they returned to record it, whichever times was necessary.
Sometimes a violin sounded too much hard, reason why violinsta moved its bank more a little for back. If to Enrico it did not like certain tone of its voice, insisted on making another recording. Finally, after two hours, a satisfactory disc could be obtained.
That wax disc was used to make the disc masterful of copper, of which the paste disc copies are imprimían later black.
Enrico Caruso became the most famous singer and better paid of its time. He is unquestionable that saw clearly beneficiary be first in recording discs and, therefore, in having the opportunity to enter the houses of people, thanks to gramófono.
Gramófono of Berliner and their method to duplicate discs possibly was acquired by the Company Victor Talking Machine, that later it became the RCA. For that reason Nipper, the dog that appears in this picture listening gramófono, knows itself him like "the dog of the RCA". Few know that it was born in Bristol, England. When dying his master, became the mascot of the brothers Mark and Francis Barraud.
Thanks to the electronic valves, invented in 1925, it was possible to before amplify the sound and after recording disc. Being based on an idea sent in 1888 by the American Or Smith, the Danish Valdemar Poulsen (1869-1942) patented in 1900 telegráfono, that recorded the sounds in a metal thread that moved between poles of an electromagnet.
The magnetic recording was born therefore. The Pfeumer German made more practitioner the procedure when inventing in 1928 the first magnetic stripe with paper base, to which a plastic band covered by a ferromagnetic layer would happen. In spite of these progresses, until World War II the procedures were not perfected mechanical and magnetic, thanks to vinyl discs of the 16, 33 and 45 RPM
(1948, disco de microsurcos de larga duración; 1958, disco estereofónico).
For the recording a covered aluminum disc is used of acetate and burin (carved ruby) that it moves according to the sonorous vibrations.
From 1940 they appear the first DJ s like entertainers of the North American troops in transoceanic objectives. During World War II, people armed with record player, a handful of discs and a basic amplifier brightened up to the troops in their time of rest, with musics of Glenn Miller, The Andrews Sisters or Benny Goodman.
The 21 of June of 1948, an equipment of the CBS, under the command of the engineer Peter Golmark, presented/displayed in the Hotel Waldford Astoria of New York the disc long play made in a polyvinyl resin. This new system would finish prevailing on its predecessors, gramófono and fonógrafo.El vinyl disc in the heat of appeared like a format long play era of dominion of the gramófonos on the phonograph. The vinyl disc prevailed quickly by its many advantages:
It was increased to the duration of the recording from the 4 or 5 minutes of the phonograph and gramófono to 45 minutes.
The vinyl was a stereophonic system, whereas the systems of used recording and reproduction until then were monoaurales (taking of sound by a single channel).
The vinyl discs gave much greater quality of sound. The annoying noises of the drag the needle were eliminated on the disc of slate of gramófono or on the wax cylinders of the phonograph.
Approximately towards 1985 the vinyl disc was displaced by the CD, of so large minor and greater durability although, at the cost of losing quality sonora.La Crisis of the vinyl began, all the discográficas began to publish everything in CD and to leave of side the vinyl, thought that he was fín of the vinyl, but separate companies continue mainly publishing in vinyl for disck jockeys, that are resistian to the change to the CD because not conseguia the same calidez of sound and mainly when not being able to touch it and to be able to make famous scratch which they make.
A pesar que el CD se ha impuesto sobre el disco de vinilo,
this one is continued publishing in small amounts and used so much by the Disc jockeys as by the audiófilos (people that are fanatical of the sound and have equipment of very high quality).
A día de hoy se puede decir que el vinilo esta volviendo,la gente esta volviendo a sacar de sus trasteros los tocadiscos y saborear el placer de las grandes caratulas.
The vinyl returns, after many years that people thought that this format had disappeared returns with more force than ever, the vinyl manufacturers are relaunching her pressed catalogues with of high quality: 180 grs and 200grs. The sales of Record player have grown, and the market has new marks ready to revolutionize the market, like for example the great newness nipona.EL LASER READER Vinyls, this new apparatus offers similar benefits to those of the modern reproducers of CD, like the passed time and the one that lacks and I magnify digital sound. All it with the guarantee of not spoiling the disc by a needle in badly been, vibrations or blows.
Fonts:
www.radioredam.com
www.es.wikipedia.org
www.rincondelvago.com
www.doctsf.com
www.unesco.org
Copyright © www.laviejaescuela.net Todos los derechos reservados. Prohiba su reproducción total o parcial. 2006.
|
|
Ropa
T-Shirts
